Fig. 2. Modulation of redox signaling pathways by xenobiotic electrophiles. Two different aspects of xenobiotic electrophiles: xenobiotic electrophile-mediated activation (low dose) and disruption (high dose) of redox signaling by sensor proteins with low pKa thiols and effector molecules that are negatively regulated by RSS through sulfur adduct formation. E, xenobiotic electrophiles; RSS, reactive sulfur species.
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